Publication
Influence between Motor Learning and Cognitive Workload in Microgravity.
Judith Bütefür; Elsa Andrea Kirchner
In: 4th International technology transfer exhibition and conference "New Space Economy (NSE)". 4th International technology transfer exhibition and conference "New Space Economy (NSE)", November 30 - December 2, Rom, Italy, k. A. 11/2022.
Abstract
It is necessary to prepare astronauts for the environment and
microgravity in space, because they should complete the missions as
successfully as possible. The technical tasks that have to be performed
by the astronauts on the ISS mostly require fine motor skills. Fine
motor control of the muscles for precise movements have to be
adapted or relearned under microgravity. Previously electromyography
(EMG) measurements have been shown that there is a reduced muscle
activity when movements are performed under microgravity (both
simulated and real) in comparison to Earth gravity [2,3]. Beside to the
effects of motor learning on the EMG there are already results of
effects on the electroencephalography (EEG). In a comparison of EEG
data recorded during the performance of a simple motor task on the
one hand and during a complex motor task on the other, it can be seen
that θ- and α-waves occur more frequently during the complex motor
task, while β-waves are seen during the performance of the simple
motor task [4]. In support of this, another study found that α- and θ-
waves increase with task complexity in motor tasks [5]. Cognitive
workload can also be analysed on the basis of frequency bands
measured with EEG. Previous studies were able to demonstrate
increasing cortical activity during a parabolic flight, which is associated
with increasing workload [6]. Furthermore, different states of
increasing cognitive load can be shown in tasks with different levels of
difficulty. In particular, in cognitively demanding tasks, the cognitive
load state is significantly increased under Earth gravity [7]. How
cognitive load changes under simulated and real microgravity and
what influence motor learning tasks have on cognitive load states has
not yet been explored. However, this is an important factor in the task
and work time allocation of astronauts during longer-term stays on the
ISS or possible future flights to other planets and moons.
Understanding the relationships would have the added benefit of
knowing about ways to prevent permanent overwork and the
associated high risk of mental disorders (e.g. burnout)